The numerical Control is an automation system of machine tools that are operated by means of commands programmed in a storage medium, compared with the manual control by means of handwheels or levers.
In the case of a lathe, it is necessary to control the movements of the tool in two axes of coordinates: the axis of the X for the longitudinal displacement of the car and the axis of the Z for the transverse displacement of the tower.
In the case of the milling machines, the vertical displacements that correspond to the Z axis are also controlled. For this purpose, servomotors are incorporated in the displacement mechanisms of the car and turret, in the case of lathes, and on the table in the case of the milling machine.